Aikido
The name aikido consists of three characters: ai (合) — connection, harmony; ki (気) — spiritual power; do (道) — path.
Aikido was created by a master from Japan named Morihei Ueshiba. Absorbing all the life experience of its creator, aikido was a synthesis of Jiu-jitsu, Daito-ryu Aikijutsu and Ken-jutsu based on its philosophy of "combat prevention" i.e. its purpose is a protection. All techniques are based on circular movements, largely from Kenjutsu (the art of wielding the sword), where the master rotates around his axis - using the momentum and force of the attacker - against himself, committing, for example, a throw.

The master himself was famous for his mastery, having very small stature of 155 cm, if you have not read his biography - be sure to read (biography of Ueshiba Morihei).
Other definitions in the section "Martial arts: types"